ABSTRACT
Fuel cells constitute an attractive class of renewable and sustainable energy sources alternativetoconventionalenergysources,suchaspetroleumthathas›nitereserves. Theyareintrinsicallyenergyef›cient,nonpolluting,silent,andreliable.Insome embodiments,afuelcellisalow-temperaturedevicethatprovideselectricity instantlyupondemandandexhibitsalongoperatinglife.Fuelcellscombinethe advantages of both combustion engines and batteries, at the same time eliminating themajordrawbacksofboth.Similartoabattery,afuelcellisanelectrochemicalenergydevicethatconvertschemicalenergyintoelectricity,andakintoaheat engine, fuel cell supplies electricity as long as fuel and oxidant are supplied to it.
