ABSTRACT
In Kinetic Theory heat is viewed as a manifestation of the disordered kinetic energy of the atomic and molecular constituents of matter. This modern viewpoint, that thermodynamics emerges from the particle mechanics of vast numbers of constituent bodies, was first advanced in the mid-1800s and attained universal acceptance in the early 1900s. Previously, heat was likened to a fluid, and thermodynamics was considered a separate branch of science, albeit along a continuum between physics and chemistry. It was natural enough, then, to formulate laws expressing regularities in thermodynamic behaviour.
