ABSTRACT
Eurocode 7 (EN 1997-1:2004) denes embedded walls as ‘relatively thin walls of steel, reinforced concrete or timber, supported by anchorages, struts and/or passive pressure’. These walls support the load applied by retained soil through bending and shear, rather than through the weight of the wall. Wall types in this group include
• Sheet-pile walls, typically used for waterfront structures, or temporary excavations
• Braced excavations, frequently used for the installation or repair of services
• Diaphragm or bored pile walls, used for deep basement excavations in inner city sites, or for cut-and-cover metro construction (see Chapter 6)
10.1 SELECTION OF SOIL PARAMETERS
In the previous chapter, we noted that many gravity walls will be designed to retain backll. The situation is quite different when designing embedded walls, since (with the exception of backll on part of the side of waterfront structures-see, for example, Figure 3.2), these are generally installed in natural ground. This section reviews the parameters to be used for embedded walls.
