ABSTRACT
One of the main objectives of an in-vehicle embedded system is to ensure a proper execution of the vehicle functions, with a predefined level of safety, in the normal functioning mode but also when some components fail or when the environment of the vehicle creates perturbations. Networks play a central role in maintaining the embedded systems in a safe state since most critical functions are now distributed and need to communicate. The development of in-vehicle embedded communications can be schematically subdivided into four main successive periods. The successive periods are communication through point-to-point links; controller area network (CAN)-based architectures as de facto standard; advent of AUTOSAR and FlexRay; and emergence of automotive Ethernet and security concerns. For in-vehicle communications, only CAN 2.0A is used since it provides a sufficient number of identifiers. In order to support safer communications between application software components, the AUTOSAR standard specifies the end-to-end communication protection library.
