ABSTRACT

The conservation of forests for timber, wildlife, and water became a large concern in many countries over 100 years ago, and a culture of conservation started being accepted, institutionalized, and organized. Recently, concern for forests and other ecological systems has become part of the global concern for sustainability and is building on the earlier concern for conservation (Brundtland 1987). Both conservation and sustainability contain the idea that each place and people should obtain no more or less than its fair share of values from its environment and should leave to future generations an environment that is in at least as good a condition, if not better, than at present (Oliver et al. 2002; Oliver 2003).