ABSTRACT
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) in the rst year of life manifests unique clinical and causal challenges. NS occurring in the rst 3 months of life is dened as the congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS); NS with onset between 4 and 12 months is known as infantile NS (INS), and NS appearing aer the rst year is recognized as childhood NS. In the youngest patients, mutations in the podocyte-associated genes or the syndromic disorders are the most common causes of NS. In contrast, minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is the most prevalent form of NS later in childhood.
