ABSTRACT
Wireless Research Center, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of
Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mobile Computing and Pervasive Devices,
Beijing, China
Zhengang Pan
Green Communication Research Center (GCRC) of China Mobile Research Institute
(CMRI), Beijing, China
8.1 Development of Multicast Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 8.2 Recent Advances in Multicast Transmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
8.2.1 Conventional Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 8.2.2 Multicast Broadcast Single-Frequency Network . . . . . . . . . . . . 246 8.2.3 Layered Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 8.2.4 Reliable Multicast Based on Digital Fountain Coding . . . . . . . 250 8.2.5 Cooperative Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
8.3 Spectral and Energy-Efficient Cooperative Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 8.3.1 Optimized Two-Stage CM for High User Density . . . . . . . . . . . 255 8.3.2 MR Arrangement Based on Sector Ring Structures . . . . . . . . . 255 8.3.3 Relationship between PBS,C and N(i) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
8.3.4 Numerical Search for Optimal PBS,C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 8.3.5 Theoretical Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 8.3.6 Performance Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 8.3.7 Discussions and Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
With the rapid development of wireless broadband communication systems and con-
suming electronics, the demand for mobile multimedia services becomes stronger
and stronger. It has been reported that the number of mobile broadband subscrip-
tions has grown steadily to around 1.7 billion during the first quarter of 2013, and
these data are expected to be more than 9 billion by the end of 2018. Meanwhile,
mobile data traffic doubled between 2012 and 2013, and 12 times growth is expected
between 2012 and 2018 [1]. Moreover, it is predicted that handset data traffic will
grow over 300% by 2017 to 21 exabytes [2]. The exponential increase of mobile data
traffic presents big challenges to future mobile networks. There is a consensus that
by 2020, the capacity of mobile communication networks should be boosted thou-
sands of times to support the huge data traffic. Various possible solutions have been
proposed, such as striving for more spectrums, developing enhanced communica-
tion technologies with high spectral efficiency, and adopting heterogeneous cellular
network architectures with dense wireless access nodes.
