ABSTRACT
The electrical network comprises the power plants, the transmission system, the distribution system, and nally the end users.
Power plants: These plants generate electricity, traditionally by means of turbines or reciprocating engines that convert mechanical energy to electrical energy in an electrical generator in accordance with Faraday’s law of induction. The turbines may be powered by wind, water, steam, or gases that are produced by the direct combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. Reciprocating engines are rarely used for large-scale generation due to high fuel costs, but they are useful as small exible units in remote locations, for example in the states of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia. At the present time, photovoltaic cells are available, which use solar radiation to produce electricity directly, and which can be harnessed and connected to the electrical grid. Wind, water, and solar energy are so-called green energy sources whose usage will increase in the near future because of fears of carbon dioxide pollution from coal plants and its effect on global warming.
