ABSTRACT
Anong Chirapart, Jantana Praiboon, Rapeeporn Ruangchuay, and Masahiro Notoya
The majority of biomass used for biofuel production is from terrestrial sources. Landbased biomass for fuel can displace other agricultural activities and food production as well. The increasing demand for land has caused deforestation and shortages of food and resulted in increased food prices and civil unrest. Solutions to the increased demand for plant products for food, fuel, etc., include an increase in yields of all crops and a greater utilization of marine biomass. Nowadays, the increasing energy demand for public transport and the rise in oil prices are an intensifying interest in using green fuel for a sustainable future. The most common biofuels are ethanol produced from corn or sugarcane and biodiesel produced from a variety of oil crops such as soybeans and oil palm. Another potential type of biomass is marine biomass, which has the additional benet. At present,
CONTENTS
2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Marine Biomass Species ...................................................................................................... 17
2.2.1 Marine Macroalgae: Seaweed ................................................................................ 17 2.2.1.1 Seaweed for Bioethanol Feedstock ......................................................... 19 2.2.1.2 Seaweed for Biogas Feedstock ................................................................. 20 2.2.1.3 Seaweed for Other Biofuel Products ...................................................... 21
2.2.2 Marine Microalgae ...................................................................................................22 2.2.2.1 Green Algae ...............................................................................................23 2.2.2.2 Prymnesiophytes ......................................................................................23 2.2.2.3 Eustigmatophytes......................................................................................23 2.2.2.4 Diatoms ....................................................................................................... 24
2.3 Marine Algal Cultivation .................................................................................................... 24 2.3.1 Marine Macroalgae .................................................................................................. 24
2.3.1.1 Cultivation Method ................................................................................... 27 2.3.1.2 Integrated Aquaculture of Seaweed and Marine Animal for
Bioltration and Biofuel Feedstock ........................................................30 2.3.2 Marine Microalgal Culture ..................................................................................... 32
2.3.2.1 Open Ponds ................................................................................................34 2.3.2.2 Closed Systems ..........................................................................................34
