ABSTRACT
Transcriptome and proteome complexity 88 Biomolecules can serve as biomarkers 89 Biomarkers in pleural diseases90 Exploration to identify candidate biomarkers90 Techniques for transcriptome analysis 90
Global screen of differently expressed RNAs 90
Verification and validation of candidate transcriptomic biomarkers93
Techniques for proteome analysis to discover novel biomarkers 94 Protein sample fractionation and/or
selective labeling94 Mass spectrometry approaches 97 Verification and validation of candidate
proteomic biomarkers99 Future perspectives 99 References 100
Proteins are complex organic molecules that play many critical roles in the body. ey are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. Each cell produces thousands of proteins, each with a specic function. Some proteins are expressed at very low levels,
a few copies per cell, whereas others are extremely abundant (millions of copies per cell). ey may be expressed during critical periods in development or arise on environmental stimulation, whereas others are constantly expressed. e lifespan of proteins varies considerably. e collection of all proteins expressed in a specic cell or organism under dened conditions, at a given time, is known as the proteome.
