ABSTRACT
Introduction 362 Pleural diseases in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection363
Infectious causes363 Malignant causes 365 Miscellaneous causes366
Pleural diseases in transplant recipients 366 Infectious causes 367 Malignant causes 368 Inflammatory and other causes368
Pleural diseases in hematological malignancies 369 Pleural effusion in primary immune deficiencies369 Pleural diseases in other immunocompromised
patients369 Summary 370 Acknowledgments 370 References 370
Immunity is conferred by the actions of the innate and the adaptive immune systems. e innate immune system does not require prior exposure to infectious agents or other antigens and consists of mucous membrane and skin barriers, soluble factors such as complement proteins, and leukocytes.
