ABSTRACT
In terms of complexity and capability, manufacturing cells may be thought of as existing somewhere between machining centers and FMSs. Machining centers are multifunction, computer controlled machines that are widely used throughout industry. Machining centers often have automatic workpiece gaging and handling features as well as automatic status monitoring and fault reporting capabilities. However, while turning, milling, drilling, and other operations all may be performed on a single machine, it is not considered to be a manufacturing cell because only one machine is involved. (The machining center can be a component in a manufacturing cell or FMS). In contrast, FMS installations represent the current upper end of the manufacturing technology ladder. These systems are described as offering 50% reductions in lead and machining times while requiring only a few machines and operators [4]. While aerospace companies, the defense industry, and many machine tool builders have already installed sophisticated FMSs, other companies are reconsidering their manufacturing requirements in light of the expenses and uncertainties associated with a complete FMS. Vought Aerospace in Dallas, Texas has been operating an FMS since 1984 which is said to be capable of economically producing lot sizes of one unit. However, the not-so-successful FMS purchased by Deere & Company for the Waterloo, Idaho tractor-making factory presents another view of the possible situations that may be encountered.
