ABSTRACT
Altering the freezing point of solutions is a very common practice. For instance, one of the most common uses is salting roads with NaCl or CaCl2 before or after a winter storm to melt ice by lowering its freezing point. Even though NaCl is considered reasonably safe, some areas that have to use it often are now seeing negative environmental consequences, such as toxic chloride levels to aquatic life in many streams, and damage to roadside vegetation. For this reason different chemicals are being considered, but so far a cost-effective replacement has not been found.
