ABSTRACT
The human kidney system consists of two kidneys, each about the size of an adult fist. They are located on either side of the spine just below the rib cage (Fig. 1). Our kidneys perform many complex and vital functions that keep us in good health. The kidney system works in conjunction with renal system to filter and dispose wastes of our body. If the kidney system fails then the patient has the option of a dialysis treatment (an artificial kidney) to carry out the vital functions. There are two different types: peritoneal dialysis, and hemodialysis. This chapter discusses functions and biomechanics of the human kidney system and the artificial kidney.
