Introduction

Surveying and mapping in the 1990s underwent a transition from disciplineoriented technologies, such as geodesy, surveying, photogrammetry, and cartography to a methodology-oriented integrated discipline of geoinformation based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), or GPS, positioning, remote sensing, digital photography for data acquisition, and a geographic information system (GIS) for data manipulation and data output. is book attempts to present the required basic background for remote sensing, digital photogrammetry, and geographic information systems in the new geoinformation concept, in which the dierent methodologies must be combined depending on eciency and cost to provide spatial information required for sustainable development. In some countries this concept is referred to as “geomatics.”