ABSTRACT
Standard radiographic examination is useful, for example for the recognition of obstructing structures in the pharynx and larynx, for locating radiopaque foreign bodies and for inspection of fractures of the hyoid bones or laryngeal cartilages. However, it provides no information about, for instance, pharyngitis, laryngitis or laryngeal paralysis. Ultrasonography can be performed without anaesthesia and is increasingly used for examination of laryngeal masses and guidance of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and for evaluation of laryngeal function. Indications and technique for radiographic and ultrasonographic evaluation of the throat are reviewed in Section 14.3.
