ABSTRACT
A wide variety of entities may appear inside the cardiac chambers, ranging from normal structures to life-threatening conditions. Intra-cardiac masses can present clinically as asymptomatic incidental findings or patients may experience severe symptoms, such as heart failure or systemic embolization. Both transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are essential tools in the evaluation of intra-cardiac masses as they allow simultaneous characterization of the mass location, attachment, morphology, size, and mobility, along with the hemodynamic impact. These features reveal important clues to help identify the etiology of the mass, which can have significant implications on the acute management of patients. Non-neoplastic masses, such as thrombi and vegetations, must be dierentiated from normal anatomic variants. This chapter will review the principal causes of Intra-cavitary content with a focus on the key echocar-
diographic and contextual features that allow etiologic dierentiation.
