ABSTRACT
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is the waste generated in a community; hence, MSW includes residential (e.g., households), commercial (e.g., from stores, markets, shops, hotels, and restaurants), and institutional (e.g., schools and hospitals) waste. According to a World Bank report, 1.3 billion tons of MSW were generated by 3 billion urban residents all over the word in 2012, which is expected to increase to 2.2 billion tons by 2025 (Hoornweg and Bhada-Tata 2012). Typically, 50%–70% of the MSW is classified in a broad category known as organic or biodegradable waste, including paper, cardboard, garden waste, and food waste. Commonly, this fraction of MSW is referred to as the organic fraction of the MSW (OFMSW) (Hoornweg and Bhada-Tata 2012).
