Redox Reactions of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Soils and Sediments in Relation to Bioavailability and Remediation

In this chapter, we rst briey introduce the sources and speciation of four major heavy metal(loid)s that are subject to redox reactions in soils and sediments. These include As, Cr, Hg, and Se. We then describe two case studies of redox reactions in the context of the practical implications they have for remediation and ecotoxicology.