ABSTRACT
The transport or movement of fluids from one place to another presents a number of challenges depending on the physical properties of the fluid, the volume and pressure to be transported, and other environmental requirements. Numerous means of transporting have been devised over the centuries. From ancient times, water has been raised from wells using buckets and other containers including sacks or bags made from animal skin in which the rate of water raised is dependent on the volume of the sack and the frequency of fill and lift which operates using rope haulage or a balanced fulcrum (Figure 5.1). The Archimedes’ screw is another ancient mechanical invention devised for transferring water from a low-lying body of water into elevated irrigation ditches. It is attributed to the Greek mathematician and philosopher Archimedes (287-212 BC) on his visit to Egypt. Today, more sophisticated machines have been invented that can transport a wide variety of fluids from gases to highly viscous and non-Newtonian fluids.
