ABSTRACT
Image-guided surgery (IGS), a form of minimally invasive computer-assisted surgery, was rst used in the eld of neurosurgery in the mid-1990s. Since then, IGS has gained wide acceptance and is used in numerous other surgical domains having shown improvements in patient outcomes with lower morbidity and mortality rates, smaller incisions and reduced trauma to the patient, faster recovery times, and also a reduction in costs and hospital stays.
