ABSTRACT
Proton therapy is an advanced form of radiation therapy. Because of the unique physics of proton beam interaction with matters, proton therapy can achieve higher dose conformality compared to conventional photon-based radiation therapy. However, because of the sharper dose fallo, proton therapy is more susceptible to uncertainties. For instance, a small shi of proton range due to dose calculation in the treatment planning stage can result in a signicant underdosage of the tumor and/ or overdosage to the critical structures nearby. Hence, an accurate and
CONTENTS 16.1 Introduction 259 16.2 GPU-Based Proton MC Dose Calculation Packages 261
16.2.1Track-Repeating MC 261 16.2.2Simplied MC Simulations 262 16.2.3Full MC Simulations 263
16.3GPU Memory Writing Conict 266 16.3.1Memory Writing Conict Problem 266 16.3.2Solutions to the Problem 267
16.4Conclusion and Discussions 270 References 271
ecient dose calculation method is of vital importance for the success of a treatment [1].
