ABSTRACT
Abstract. Soil salinity is among the major environmental problems causing significant reduction in agricultural production on arid and semiarid lands. Plants growing under saline conditions are exposed to excessive concentrations of toxic ions (e.g., Na+ and Cl-) and imbalance of essential ions such as K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ as well as micronutrients. Alteration in the proteomes associated with various functional subcellular organelles is the base for the development of salinity tolerance mechanisms. Proteomics, combining high performance mass spectrometry and bioinformatics approaches, is used to identify proteomes within different subcellular compartments. Quantitative proteomics provides insights
into protein abundances for different biological processes. Based on the changes in relative protein abundance, testable hypotheses concerning biological processes regulated by those proteins and their importance in salt tolerance are developed. This chapter reviews recent advances in subcellular proteomics analysis and their application in the identification of proteins for salt-tolerance and the development of the association network between protein expression and functional cellular pathways affecting salt tolerance properties.
