ABSTRACT

Studies of the spatial distributions of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents and stocks at a landscape scale have received increasing attention since the 1990s because of the development of Geographic Information System (GIS) software (Davidson and Lefebvre 1993; Levine et al. 1994; Poier and Richter 1992). The use of GIS software has led to significant advances in landscape-scale studies (Hartemink 2008; Lilburne et al. 2012) because GIS enables the grouping of a large number of variables, the creation of different scenarios, and a panoramic view of the landscape.