ABSTRACT
Hydrogen is the most widely occurring element of the universe. It is available on Earth in multiple chemical forms such as hydrocarbon, hydrides, prebiotic organic compounds, water, and so on. All the major common conventional energy sources, such as oil, gas, and coal, are not renewable. Moreover, their amounts on Earth are being exhausted rapidly. Therefore, the trend is now shifting toward renewable energy sources. In the last few decades, renewable energy has become an apparent choice over conventional energy. The prime driving forces behind this trend are future carbon emissions constraints, energy security, downfall of subsisting energy sources (raising prices), resulting changes in climate and environment, escalating energy demands of industrial and economic development, inextricable link between nuclear weapons and nuclear power, abundant and free renewable energy sources, consumer awareness, nancial risk mitigation, exibility, and resilience. Renewable energy will no longer be a minor player as it surpasses nuclear energy and other traditional energy sources. This will occur only on the condition that one happens to crack the code of sustainable economic growth by reducing energy demands. A futuristic energy scenario is the alternative image of how the future might unfold with an appropriate tool to analyze how driving forces may inuence future outcomes and also to assess the associated uncertainties.
