ABSTRACT
There is a continuous increase in demand for electrical energy in almost all elds (i.e., from consumer electronics, to small-scale distributed power systems, to centralized megawatt-scale power plants, in domestic use, for transportation, etc.). Conventional methods for generating electrical energy are time consuming, high in cost, low power generating, and release harmful by-products into the environment, which lead to global warming. Global warming is clear evidence of the fundamental idea of Newton that there is no action without reaction. But renewable energies produced from our natural environment, such as wind, solar, thermal, photovoltaic, geothermal, marine, and hydropower, help us to reduce our dependence on conventional methods. Therefore, solar energy, a clean alternative to traditional methods of power generation for sustainable development, is a good as well as promising choice. Direct utilization of solar radiation is similar to the ideal use of solar radiation in nature in the form of photosynthesis.
