ABSTRACT
As the biological effects of nonionizing radiation (NIR) can also be recorded at intensities much less than their thermal threshold (Devyatkov, 1973; Adey, 1981; Markov, 2004; Kaczmarek, 2006; Rehman et al., 2007; Gapeyev et al., 2009; Grigoryev, 2012), these effects cannot be explained by hypothesis from the point of the classical thermodynamic characteristics of NIR (Foster, 2006; Binhi and Rubin, 2007). Because of this, the elucidation of the mechanism of biological effects of NIR on cells and organisms still remains one of the core problems of modern magnetobiology. It is clear that target(s) of such weak signals could have quantum mechanical nature, since the theories based on classical thermodynamics fail to explain this phenomenon (see reviews by Belyaev, 2005, 2012; Gapeyev et al., 2009; Binhi, 2012; Blank and Goodman, 2012; Gapeyev et al., 2013). Thus, the issue of the primary target(s) for biological effects of NIR is still open to further studies. Some researchers try to explain these effects in terms of quantum mechanical approach, considering different biochemical reactions with participation of uncoupled electrons, such as the electron transferring from cytochrome C to cytochrome oxidize, oxidation of malonic acid,Na+/K+-ATPase, and others, as key targets (Belyaev, 2012; Binhi, 2012; Blank and Goodman, 2012). However, high NIR sensitivity of forming and breaking process of hydrogen bonds occurring in cell bathing medium and during collective dynamics of intracellular water molecules makes the essential role of individual biochemical reaction of NIR sensitivity in determination of cell metabolic activity less reliable.
