ABSTRACT
Wireless technologies are implemented in the whole life of the people during the last years. They enter everywhere in industry, medicine, transport, communication, media, data processing, etc. One of the main applications of wireless technology is the communication service. Following the development of mobile telephony, the technology passed through analog (1G) to digital system-from 2G (Global System for Mobile Communication [GSM]), 2.5 G (General Packet Radio Service [GPRS]), 3G (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System [UMTS])
20.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 319 20.2 Regulations Concerning NIR (RF and Optical) Protection of Workers
and General Population in Bulgaria: Current Situation........................................................ 321 20.2.1 RF Fields ................................................................................................................... 321
20.2.1.1 General Public ........................................................................................... 321 20.2.1.2 Occupational Exposure .............................................................................. 321
20.2.2 Optical Radiation ...................................................................................................... 322 20.3 Studied Objects ..................................................................................................................... 322
20.3.1 RF Sources ................................................................................................................ 322 20.3.2 UV Sources ............................................................................................................... 322
20.4 Exposure Assessment ........................................................................................................... 322 20.4.1 Measurement Exposure Assessment of RF Fields .................................................... 322
20.4.1.1 Occupational Exposure .............................................................................. 322 20.4.1.2 Exposure Assessment in Living Environment ........................................... 324
20.4.2 Measurement and Exposure Assessment of Sources of UV Radiation .................... 325 20.5 Results and Discussion ......................................................................................................... 325
20.5.1 Environmental Exposure .......................................................................................... 325 20.5.1.1 Measurements on Rooftops ........................................................................ 326 20.5.1.2 Measurements on Antennae Mounted on Slope Roofs .............................. 328 20.5.1.3 Measurements on Antennae Mounted on Facades .................................... 328 20.5.1.4 Antennae of Base Stations Mounted on Telecommunication Masts ......... 329
20.5.2 Occupational Exposure ............................................................................................. 329 20.5.2.1 RF Fields .................................................................................................... 329 20.5.2.2 Occupational Exposure to UV Radiation .................................................. 332
20.6 Risk Policy: Level of Public Concern ................................................................................... 336 20.6.1 Electromagnetic Fields ............................................................................................. 336 20.6.2 Optical Radiation ...................................................................................................... 338
References ...................................................................................................................................... 339
to 4G (IP-based network) technology. Meanwhile, wireless local area network (WLAN); Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX); Bluetooth; digital enhanced cordless telecommunication (DECT) telephones; the ultrawide band imaging data processing technology in medicine, science, and technology ultra wide band (UWB); and many other applications are also in development and in practice.
