The History of Surrogate Endpoint Evaluation: Single-Trial Methods

The seminal papers of Prentice (1989), Freedman et al. (1992), and Buyse and Molenberghs (1998) have set the scene for a large research line into surrogate

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marker evaluation methods. The methods that were proposed by these authors were based on the premise that information regarding the surrogate and the true endpoints is available from a single clinical trial. Hence, these methods are collectively referred to as single-trial surrogate evaluation methods. In this chapter, these methods are briefly reviewed.