ABSTRACT
Infrastructure is required to move hydrogen from the location where it is produced to the dispenser at a refueling station or stationary power site. Infrastructure includes the pipelines, trucks, railcars, ships, and barges that deliver fuel, as well as the facilities and equipment required to load and unload them. Delivery technology for a hydrogen infrastructure is currently available commercially, and several U.S. companies are delivering bulk hydrogen today. Some of the infrastructure is already in place because hydrogen has long been used in industrial applications, but it is not sufficient to support widespread consumer use of hydrogen as an energy carrier. Because hydrogen has a relatively low volumetric energy density, its transportation, storage, and final delivery to the point of use represent significant costs and result in some of the energy inefficiencies associated with using it as an energy carrier.
