ABSTRACT
While the removal of volatile matters and pyrolysis are the initial steps in the gasi- cation, in general, pyrolysis of coal, oil, biomass, and waste is the most versatile thermochemical process. Unlike combustion, gasication, and liquefaction processes, the process of pyrolysis can produce solids, liquids, or gases depending on the operating conditions. The heating rate, residence time, and the temperature play very important roles in the composition of the nal products. Several variations of the pyrolysis process are described in Table 5.1 [1,2]. For coal, biomass, and waste, often pyrolysis process is used to make oils, which can be upgraded for its downstream use in energy, fuel, and petrochemical industries.
