ABSTRACT
This chapter describes ways in which some of the externalities listed can be taken into account in developing freight transportation planning models. Freight transport is crucial to economic activity, as it allows an increase in the flow of goods globally. Investment in transportation is fundamental for economic growth and development; the movement of goods from one place to another enables the exchange of these goods, stimulating trade and commerce, and thus economic development. As the environmental impacts of freight transport increase with the flow of globally shipped goods, the need to mitigate these is paramount. There are several objectives that freight transportation strives to meet, which relate to economic, social and environmental aspects. Being arguably the most prominent of externalities, emissions are a consequence of use of fuel within the transport sector, such as liquid fuel, most of which is produced from petroleum.
