ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT: This paper deals with scale transitions which allow to capture the intrinsic softening response that results from the damage of the underlying material. Two types of scale transitions are briefly reviewed, a continuum-continuum and a continuum-discontinuum upscaling model. The need for a higher-order continuum or a discrete model at the coarse scale is thereby an important issue. The upscaling towards a discrete localization band is discussed in somewhat more detail, where an illustrative example for the failure of a masonry wall is presented. The example presented highlights the main difficulties that may be expected in these two-scale computational homogenization schemes, for which a solution has been proposed for the particular damage model and mesostructure investigated.
