ABSTRACT

This chapter provides information for performing pericardiocentesis. It begins with a case scenario of a 54-year-old man who is presented after a recent myocardial infarction with jugular venous distention, hypotension, tachycardia, and pulsus paradoxus. Ultrasound reveals pericardial effusion, equalization of pressures in all four cardiac chambers, decreased stroke volume, and reduced ventricular diastolic filling. The chapter then includes details on indications, contraindications, and information about supplies, positioning and technique. Pearls and pitfalls are also incorporated, providing additional insights and practical advice not always available in other textbooks or articles. Pericardiocentesis should be performed in a monitored setting. Relief of cardiac tamponade leads to a decrease in right atrial pressure and an increase in cardiac output.