ABSTRACT
This chapter explains what a flip-flop is and what it is used for, and describes various types of flip-flops and toggle action in a flip-flop. It shows how a flip-flop can be used for counting, how a flip-flop can be used for storing a bit of data, and how a digital clock works. The chapter explores the difference between a latch and a flip-flop, and the functions and uses of an encoder and a decoder. It details the precision in a shaft encoder, suggests what a multiplexer is and why we need it, and describes the difference between a multiplexer and a demultiplexer. A flip-flop acts like a single-pole double throw (SPDT) switch. When activated, its output toggles. This property can be used for many operations performed in digital electronics. A J-K flip-flop is clock controlled and has the advantage that unlike the basic flip-flop it can accept both inputs to have an active level signal.
