ABSTRACT
Recent technological advancement in the areas of sensing, computing, and wireless communication has made it possible to design and develop wireless sensors that are small in size and low in cost. These sensors have data collecting, processing, and communicating capabilities. They can form a wireless sensor network that contains hundreds of tiny sensors. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) extend our capability to explore, monitor, and control the physical world at large [1]. Today, many wireless sensors are being embedded in electrical and mechanical components that are integral parts of physical systems widely used in medicine, military, environmental monitoring, transportation, and industry process control. After decades of rapid growth of Internet and wireless networks, countries have invested tremendous resources (from both public and private sectors) to build cyber infrastructures that provide ubiquitous services to users with from anywhere and at anytime style of connection and access. WSNs provide the opportunities for a wide range of applications in all domains to bridge the cyberspace and the physical world by forming cyber-physical systems (CPS).
The primary concept of cyber-physical systems is to integrate computing (sensing, analyzing, predicting, understanding), communication (interaction, intervene, interface management), and control (inter-operate, evolve, evidence-based certification) together to make intelligent and autonomous systems.
