ABSTRACT
British Thermal Unit Btu 0.252 kilocalorie kcal horsepower (hp) hp 1.014 metric horsepower CV horsepower (hp) hp 0.7457 kilowatt kW
miles/hour mph 1.61 kilometres/hour kmlh
Mass
Milligram mg 1 mg = 0.0154 grain 1 grain = 64.935 mg Gram 9 1 9 = 0.0353 oz 10z 28.35 9 Kilogram kg 1 kg = 2.2046 Ib 1 Ib = 0.4536 kg Tonne t 1 t = 0.9842 ton 1 ton = 1.016 t
Note: 1 9 = 1,000 mg 10z = 437.5 grains 1 kg = 1000g 1 Ib = 160z 1 t = 1,000 kg 1 stone = 141b
Force
Newton N 11bf = 4.448 N 1 kgf = 9.807 N Kilonewton kN 11bf 0.00448 kN 1 ton f 9.964 kN Meganewton MN 100 tonf = 0.9964MN Pressure and stress
Kilonewton per 1 Ibf/in2 = 6.895 kNlm2 square metre kN/m2 1 bar 100 kN/m2 Meganewton per 1 tonflft2 = 107.3 kN/m2 = 0.1073 MN/m2 square metre MN/m2 1 kgf/cm2 = 98.07 kN/m2
1 Ibf/ft2 = 0.04788 kN/m2 Temperature
Metric Equivalents
1 miie = 1760 yd 1 yd = 3ft 1ft = 12in 1 sq miie = 640 acres 1 acre = 43,560 sq ft 1 sq ft = 144 sq in 1 cu ft = 7.48 gal liq 1 gal = 231 cu in
= 4 quarts liq 1 quart = 32 fI oz 1 fI OZ = 1.80 cu in
1 hp = 550 ft-Ib/sec 1 atmosph = 14.71b/in2
kW = Kilowatt HP = Horsepower CV Cheval Vapeur (Steam Horsepower)
French designation for Metric Horsepower
km/h mlmin mph fpm
Figure Diagram of figure Surface area Perimeter
a Square G a" 4a
IJ Rectangle 1 81 ab 2(a + b)
~ %ch a+b+c=2s Triangle %ab sinC I{s (s -a )(s-b )(s-c)) 8 c A wheres =%(a +b +c)
Circle G xr" 2xr %xd2 xd where 2r = d Parallelogram Wb ah 2(a + b)
EL) Approximately Ellipse xab 7t(a+b) Hexagon 0· 2.6 x a' Octagon o· 4.83 x a"
V, %tb or ......."-1£,2 Sector ot circle 360 note: b = angle.....!L. x II2r 360
Segmentot ~ SoT • circle whare S = area of sector T = area of triangle Bellmouth tJr ..3xr· 14
Three dimensional figures
Figure Diagram of figure Surface area Volume
Cube rD 6a' a' Cuboldl / a (9 2(ab +ac +bc) abc rectangular I block
Prlsml ~ bd +hc +dc +ad Yahed triangular block Yaab sin C d d V{s (s -a)(s -b)(s -c) B c A where s = Ya(a + b + c) a 2 rh + 2 r' r'h Cylinder dh + Ya d' % d'h
~ 4 r' ·/ ... Jr' Sphere ~h 2 Rh 'I, h(3r'+ h') Segment of 'I, h'(3R - h) sphere
Pyramid )~b (a + b)' +ab 'I,abh ~ Frustrum of. ---1 '(a+b+e+d) + "(ab+cd) ",,(ab + cd + "abed) pyramid [regular figure only] ----- - b
~ rI + ra '/3 rlh
Trapezoidal Rule
area =
where
S = common interval (strip width) A = sum of first and last ordinates B = sum of remaining odd ordinates C = sum of the even ordinates
The Volume can be calculated by the same formula, but by substituting the area'of each co-ordinate rather than its length.
