ABSTRACT
In addition to the electrochemical corrosion of embedded steel, there are also a number of other types of deteriorating processes which may cause problems for the durability of concrete structures in severe environments. For many existing concrete structures, both freezing and thawing and alkali-aggregate reaction represent some severe durability problems. In addition, chemical processes such as sulphate attack, seawater attack and leaching may also represent some problems. Although most of these deteriorating processes may represent potential durability problems for all concrete structures in severe environments, experience has shown that it is much easier to control and avoid such durability problems by taking necessary precautions and following existing guidelines at an early stage of planning. Extensive experience has shown that it is not the disintegration of the concrete itself but rather the corrosion of embedded steel which represents the most critical threat and greatest challenge to the durability and long-term performance of concrete structures in severe environments (Gjørv, 2002). Nevertheless, for all new important concrete structures, it is of the greatest importance to make a proper assessment of all potential durability problems and take the necessary precautions.
