ABSTRACT
This chapter is concerned with the factors which can contribute, singly or in combination, to the deterioration of concrete structures. A major concern is their identification from inspections and diagnostic testing. In terms of the action module defined in Chapter 3, it covers the procedures associated with level 1 in Figure 3.13 (repeated here for convenience as Figure 4.1), while moving towards level 2, in preparation for a formal condition rating (level 3). Figure 4.1 shows a dependence on previous records and a starting point
represented by a visual survey. This will entail the careful logging of all visible defects and signs of deterioration, with the emphasis on the nature, extent and location of these. For many structures, this is not an easy task, for a number of reasons:
(i) difficulties regarding access, especially to hidden zones; (ii) deciding what constitutes a defect, and classifying these in terms of
type, magnitude, location, possible significance and likely cause; (iii) settling on the extent and scope of the study, and on whether or not to
investigate further, via some form of site or laboratory testing.
