ABSTRACT
The main goal of aWater Distribution Systems (WDS) is to supply efficiently water to consumers. Recogniz ing the complexity of WDS, water utilities have used mathematical models to simulate the system physical behavior and to aid design and operational decisions. However, some network hydraulic parameters change over time and affect simulation results. For this rea son, calibration approaches have been extensively used to predict model parameters. These methods esti mate unknown parameters based on indirect field measurements (e.g. pressure and flow).
