ABSTRACT
The workability of a concrete mix is affected by: (a) the time elapsed since mixing; (b) the properties of the aggregate, in particular, particle shape and
size distribution, porosity, and surface texture; (c) the properties of the cement, to an extent that is less important in
practice than the properties of the aggregate; (d) the presence of any cement replacements such as ground granu-
lated blast-furnace slag (ggbs), pulverized fuel ash (pfa) or microsilica (silica fume);
(e) the presence of any admixture such as a plasticizer or retarder or air-entraining agent;
(f) the presence of added fibres; (g) the relative proportions of the mix constituents.
