ABSTRACT
A polymer formulation may contain significant amounts of additives which can include dyes and pigments, and processing aids which increase the thermal stability or aid flow by segregating to interfaces. Whilst most polymers are synthesized from carbon containing molecules, the precise method can have a profound influence on the physical properties which are developed. Most polymeric materials can be subdivided into two classes of materials: thermoplastics and thermosets. The properties of a polymer are determined not only by the atomic constituents of each monomer unit but also the stereochemistry of the polymer. The arrangement of molecules in a solid polymer can be modified considerably by the presence of additives and processing conditions used during moulding and fibre drawing. Methods of characterization are needed in order to be able to determine how formulation and processing conditions influence the microstructure. The chapter presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in this book.
