ABSTRACT

This chapter helps the reader to distinguish between analogue and digital waveforms. It helps the reader to calculate the frequency, and the angular frequency, of a sinusoidal waveform from its period, and vice versa. The chapter explains the meanings of the terms mean-square voltage and R.M.S. voltage of periodic waveforms and of signals and noise (non-periodic) waveforms. It also explains the terms power density and power density spectrum used for non-periodic waveforms. The chapter sketches the frequency response of simple CR and LR low-pass and high-pass networks (filters). It describes the response of simple CR and LR low-pass and high-pass networks to voltage steps, and write down expressions for their exponential response. The chapter also describes the behaviour of a transformer in terms of input and output currents and voltages, and relates these currents and voltages to the number of turns of the primary and secondary windings.