Computational evaluation of poling induced stress fields in a piezoelectric ceramic

The material as modeled in the computational experimentáis defined as non-poled or poled. Poled material is defined as that which has been exposed to an electric field of at least 0.8 kV/mm. This field level was determined from the d33-poling field experimental relationship reported in Reference 4. It is recognized that partially poled material does occur however it is not included in the computational model.