ABSTRACT

Everybody travels, whether it be to work, play, shop, do business, or simply visit people. All foodstuffs and raw materials must be carried from their place of origin to that of their consumption or adaptation, and manufactured goods must be transported to the marketplace and the consumer. Historically, people have travelled and goods have been moved: (1) by road, i.e. by walking and riding, using humans and various beasts to carry goods or to pull sleds, carts, carriages and wagons, and (since the late 19th century) using cycles and motor vehicles such as cars, buses and lorries; (2) by water, i.e. using (since early times) ships and boats on seas, rivers and canals; (3) by rail, i.e. initially using animals (in the early 19th century) and then steam-, oil-or electric-powered locomotives to pull passenger carriages and goods wagons; and (4) by air, i.e. using airships and aeroplanes (in the 20th century).