ABSTRACT
Figure 2-12 Film collapse regime and collapse areas. Compression of a surfactant film into the collapse regime is apparent on the π-A isotherm by a decrease in slope or a horizontal region where surface pressure reaches a maximum (surface tension reaches a minimum). Collapse areas shown are Ac′ , the area where maximum pressure is first reached; Ac′′, the area where the collapse plateau intersects the line of steepest slope; and Ac′′′, the area where the isotherm departs from its steepest slope. See text for details.
