ABSTRACT

The last two decades has seen a significant broadening of the field of applications of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. For the most patt, this can he attributed to major developments in the area of instrumentation. Whereas for a long time the majority of EPR studies were carried out with cw (continuous wave) X-hand ( -9 GHz) spectrometers operating at field strengths around 0.3 tcsla, currently measurements arc performed at frequencies ranging from 1.5 GHz to 670 GHz [1-4]. In addition, pulsed EPR instruments have developed to the point where measurements similar to those performed with pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance are becoming routine [5-7] Accounts of recent innovations in instrumentation and the implications for research carried out with EPR can be found in a number of recent publications [8-10].