ABSTRACT
Herbicides used for woody plant management on pastures, rangelands, forested areas, watersheds, and noncrop areas vary in water solubility, mammalian toxicity, and persistence in the environment (Table 1). Foliar-applied herbicides, such as clopyralid, 2,4-D, dicamba, picloram, and triclopyr, may drift to nontarget sites if improperly applied. Some soil-applied herbicides may move overland or leach to unwanted sites because they are persistent and/or highly water-soluble. The potential of each herbicide to persist in soil, vegetation, or water and to move to nontarget areas in surface runoff and to groundwater will be discussed. Most herbicides used on grazing and noncrop lands are moderate to low in toxicity. When applied in compliance with label instructions, residue, toxicity, or phytotoxicity problems are rarely encountered.
