ABSTRACT

Z4 - 3Z2 + 1 = 0 (8.191) which is quadratic in Z2. Solving Eq. (8.191) by the quadratic formula yields

Z = (2 - 0.04e) = ±1.618 ... ± 0.618 ... (8.192) The values of Z, k, k(exact), and percent error are presented in Table 8.27.