ABSTRACT
Before the Industrial Revolution, work was carried out by individual craftsmen, such as saddlers, blacksmiths, cobbler, etc., who supplier a small local market. With the Industrial Revolution and the associated infrastructure improvement of canals then railways, work became substantially factory based with mechanisation replacing, or changing the basic skills. Management, however, because of the prevailing conditions where labour was cheap and markets plentiful tended to ignore the finer points of man management
In the eighteenth century, the noted economist Adam Smith noted that as demand rose the scope for specialisation within the production process increased. This specialisation along with the greater application of mechanical
energy through machinery drove costs down substantially during the initial stages of the industrial revolution. Thereafter increased specialisation became the focus to increase productivity.
